Indicators on CLBO Crystal You Should Know
Indicators on CLBO Crystal You Should Know
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All-stable-point out ultraviolet lasers happen to be extensively Utilized in the fields of mechanical flaw detection, lithography, micromachining and medicine for some great benefits of small quantity, very long everyday living, superior effectiveness, excellent beam top quality, broad tuning and slender spectral line, and so forth. Making use of high power near-infrared coherent light-weight supply as the basic frequency source based on nonlinear tuning engineering, building ultraviolet coherent radiation by multistage frequency conversion is viewed as an essential technique to build the ultraviolet coherent gentle resource.
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Based on the proof-of-theory experiment, the conversion performance of 23% implied the potential of accomplishing higher-electricity at the 2nd Stokes wavelength of your Raman laser. In case the pump laser of 1078 nm can be obtained at the average power of fifty W, the output electric power of its 2nd Stokes wavelength at 1512 nm can be much more than ten W. The design in the Raman laser cavity must be optimized in an effort to avoid the damage of your M1 and diamond floor.
The standard electric power on the NIR laser still has the opportunity being improved to tens of watts which include 70 W [26] In case the double-pass configuration may be used for the Yb:YAG SCF amplifier phase. That's why, In the event the conversion efficiency of 31% from NIR to DUV may very well be nevertheless maintained at this increased energy issue, the standard output electrical power with the DUV laser at 258 nm can be greater than twenty W, which would certainly be a impressive electricity level for the DUV laser and produce the unanticipated DUV laser machining success. Moreover, for high-electrical power DUV laser, the UV problems on the nonlinear crystal, such as the Home windows for CLBO crystal and the mirrors, is another essential parameter for long-term and stable Procedure.
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Due to the thermal lens influence inside the stable-state lasers, if the heating administration is inadequate, it is not quick to get the strong-point out laser by using a higher ability plus a higher beam high-quality at the same time. Not too long ago, with the event of The skinny disk laser and one-crystal fiber (SCF) laser, a higher-ability laser at the fundamental wavelength (1 μm) were understood with a great beam good quality In spite of a TEM00 manner beam [four,24], which would be very good candidates for the basic with the DUV laser technology. Another candidate for the fundamental would be the significant-energy fiber laser which could possibly be reached by coherent beam blend with M2 worth below one.
On the opposite aspect, the power scaling of your NIR laser is another aspect to improve the average electric power from the 193-nm DUV laser. Due to the deficiency of the large-power amplification Option from the NIR laser (as an example at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency procedures like optical parameter oscillation (OPO) might be applied to create a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from one μm to the specified wavelength along with getting relative greater electrical power [21]. Recently, a diamond Raman laser showed its skill in achieving a superior energy and also a higher conversion performance at the 1st Stokes from the 1-μm laser [22,23], which means the chance to generally be used in the 193-nm DUV laser technology thanks to its superior Raman get and huge frequency shift.
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Inside the scientific and industrial programs, the beam good quality on the DUV laser is likewise a very important parameter. Specifically, the beam top quality in the DUV laser drastically has an effect on the laser machining success. The beam excellent with the DUV laser is determined by that of the basic laser and also the crystal with the frequency conversion. Just lately, a high-electric power DUV laser (>10 W) at 258 nm was documented with a beam good quality of M2 < one.5, which was produced by FHG of the Yb:YAG laser at 1030 nm utilizing the CLBO crystal [13]. This laser would lead to an improved laser machining final result in comparison with the past DUV lasers with bigger M2.
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The beam profile proven in Figure 7b demonstrated a great beam top quality as one of several merits of Raman laser, which would be beneficial to crank out a 193-nm DUV laser with a top quality beam.
The conversion effectiveness from fundamental NIR to DUV is from five% to 36% according to the claimed leads to Desk 1. Expanding the conversion efficiency will lessen the stress on the design and set up of the fundamental laser amplifier and also the electrical electrical power intake. A good beam good quality of the elemental laser may also lead into the increasing in the conversion effectiveness together with the right power intensity of the NIR and green laser inside the SHG and FHG method, respectively. The very best conversion efficiencies from NIR to eco-friendly and eco-friendly to DUV laser by use of CLBO crystal are 70% and around fifty%, respectively [12], which corresponds for the conversion efficiency of 35% from essential to DUV.
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